An UPC or EAN is a Universal Product Code or International Article Number (was European originally, hence the “E”). This identifies a product for retail sale, and is often the number encoded in a barcode font. Traditionally, barcodes were different in different regions, and whilst this has been standardized, it is still at the discretion of the releasing company. For example, exactly the same release in the US and Australia may or may not have a different UPC, depending on the processes in place by the releasing entity. David Bowie’s Blackstar album has 6 different UPC’s for exactly the same release. This is based on the different barcodes for different formats (Vinyl, CD, Digital, etc.)